The present invention provides a use of artemisinin derivatives, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or adjuvant treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. In an animal model of inflammatory bowel disease induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), the experimental results of the artemisinin derivative, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, of the present invention showed that oral gavage administration can effectively alleviate colitis symptoms of IBD mice such as weight loss, diarrhea, and hematochezia, reduce pathological damage in colon tissue, inhibit the infiltration of inflammatory cells in colon tissue of IBD mice, and downregulate levels of disease-related proinflammatory cytokines. The pharmacodynamic and pharmacologic studies demonstrated that this type of compounds has good anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects and a high safety profile, thereby having good application potential in clinical treatment and adjuvant treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.